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Repeated evolution of seed dispersal by ants: 100 independent origins of Myrmecochory
Seed dispersal is a fundamental life history trait in plants … Myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) is mediated by elaiosomes, i.e., lipid-rich seed appendages that attract ants and serve as rewards for dispersal. We found that myrmecochory is present in at least 11 000 species or 4.5% of all species, in 334 genera or 2.5% of […]
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Repeated evolution: Despite biochemically complex, C4 photosynthesis evolved repeatedly more than 60 times
Another miraculous stuff happened here, let me quote from a mainstream paper. Even the author finds the evolution of C4 photosynthesis ‘somewhat puzzling’ because it requires ‘dozen of genes’ to be changed simultaneously – the right way – in at least 60 evolutionary unrelated cases: Both C4 photosynthesis and CAM have evolved independently multiple times […]
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Repeated evolution of placenta: at least 100 independent origins across the animal kingdom
First off, let me start with some quotes from mainstream-articles: The placenta is arguably the most important organ of the body, but paradoxically the most poorly understood The placenta: a mysterious organ Despite being critical to a baby’s survival, the placenta remains something of a medical mystery. Detailed understanding about how it carries out all […]
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Key evolutionary innovation lost 1000 times! The ability of flight lost repeatedly in the vast majority of insect orders
Let me repeat that: Evolutionary biologists claim, that after insect-species evolved the key evolutionary innovation – the ability of flight – then the ability got lost, and this happened independently, more than 1000 times in vast majority of insect orders … Here is an older article from 1996: WHY WOULD FLIGHTLESSNESS EVOLVE? Why would natural […]
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Repeated evolution: Among insect 236 families in 18 of 44 orders independently invaded water
just another extreme convergent evolution event … stuff happens … No insects returned to land after adapting to aquatic habits Due to different evolutionary rates or periodical changes in water characteristics, non-adapted terrestrial insects repeatedly invaded the aquatic realm with well adapted hydrobionts. The proposed reason for the lack of land return is the character of numerous aquatic adaptations […]