Biological evolution is described as a blind, purposeless process without foresight. So, how have so many identical, highly complex features evolved repeatedly and independently through random mutations?
Moreover, evolutionary biologists claim that once a complex trait is lost in evolution, it cannot be regained (Dollo’s law of irreversibility). Yet, there are numerous examples where Dollo’s law has been repeatedly violated (e.g., shell coiling, lizard oviparity, and so on).
For those who argue that evolution is not a random process (e.g., claiming that “natural selection” is not random), let’s not forget that a series of random mutations—which create the same highly complex traits over and over again—must occur first. Only then may “natural selection” act to preserve or discard these traits. In other words, random mutations generate the designs of species, while natural selection merely “approves” or rejects the designs produced by those mutations.
However, there is another issue: examples of poorly designed features are virtually nonexistent. Considering there are approximately 2.3 million named and described kinds of species on Earth (as of 2025), how many examples of allegedly poorly designed features have biologists actually identified? Five? Ten? Out of 2.3 million highly complex design systems?
As the author of this blog, I fully agree with Dr. Randy Guliuzza, a fellow engineer at the Institute for Creation Research (ICR): “Convergent evolution is a fabricated conjecture that evolutionists use to explain remarkably similar characteristics among creatures that could not have inherited them from a common ancestor. Evolutionists will never accept these similarities as the result of intelligently designed internal programming created for common purposes.”
– An engineer.