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Not only peppered moth — dark forms increased in over 100 other species of moths during the period of industrial pollution.
Although many people have heard about industrial melanism in the British peppered moth, it is not widely appreciated that dark forms increased in over 100 other species of moths during the period of industrial pollution. This raises the question of whether they relied on the same or similar genetic mechanism to achieve this colour change. […]
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Repeated evolution of seed dispersal by ants: 100 independent origins of Myrmecochory
Seed dispersal is a fundamental life history trait in plants … Myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) is mediated by elaiosomes, i.e., lipid-rich seed appendages that attract ants and serve as rewards for dispersal. We found that myrmecochory is present in at least 11 000 species or 4.5% of all species, in 334 genera or 2.5% of […]
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Repeated evolution: Live birth originated independently 150+ times
Darwinian world of miracles: Phylogenetic analyses indicate that viviparity (live-bearing reproduction) has originated independently in more than 150 vertebrate lineages, including a minimum of 115 clades of extant squamate reptiles. Other evolutionary origins of viviparity include 13 origins among bony fishes, nine among chondrichthyans, eight in amphibians, one in Paleozoic placoderms, six among extinct reptiles, […]
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Repeated evolution of venom: 100+ independent origins of complex chemical mixtures
Venoms are complex mixtures of enzymes and proteins of various sizes, amines, lipids, nucleosides, and carbohydrates. Venoms also contain various metal ions that are presumed to act as cofactors and include sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc. Spiders are one of the most successful venomous animals, with more than 48,000 described species. Most spider venoms […]
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Multi-level repeated evolution of complex traits: 94 independent origins of bioluminescence
First things first: Bioluminescence is the production of light by living organisms, the light emitted by organisms such as glow-worms, deep-sea fish, fireflies and others. And now some words from Darwinian fantasy storytellers ( from a mainstream article, published December 2020): We argue that bioluminescence, a complex trait that evolved dozens of times through either […]
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Researchers: Crabs evolved separately at least five times. What ? Is it some kind of joke ?
Obviously, in a Darwinian fantasy world of random mutation everything is possible. at Popular Mechanics: Animals Keep Evolving Into Crabs, Which Is Somewhat Disturbing It’s not just superficial shape that unifies the five evolved crab forms. The paper details neurological commonalities, shared circulatory systems, and more, while also detailing the organ and systems that differ […]
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Repeated evolution of multilayered reflective metallic surface in unrelated insects
as you will see, a series of miraculous events happened a long time ago, when at the same moment, several unrelated lineages of insects ‘invented’ multilayered reflective metallic surface. Let me repeat – this miracle should have happened at the same evolutionary moment, INDEPENDENTLY, in various unrelated species, 99 millions years ago. By random mutations. […]
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Blood clotting – Surprising degree of repeated evolution in vertebrates and invertebrates
Hello? Darwinians ? Why is everything so surprising? from a mainstream paper: Recent delineation of the serine protease cascade controlling dorsal–ventral patterning during Drosophila embryogenesis allows this cascade to be compared with those controlling clotting and complement in vertebrates and invertebrates. Extensive similarities suggest that these cascades were built by adding enzymes from the bottom […]
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Repeated evolution of Myelin – a sheath of multilayered membranes around nerves nodes.
Current concepts of invertebrate phylogeny are reviewed. Annelida and Arthropoda, previously regarded as closely related, are now placed in separate clades. Myelin, a sheath of multiple layers of membranes around nerve axons, is found in members of the Annelida, Arthropoda and Chordata. The structure, composition and function of the sheaths in Annelida and Arthropoda are […]
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Repeated Evolution Versus Common Ancestry
from a mainstream paper: Why sex chromosomes turn over and remain undifferentiated in some taxa, whereas they degenerate in others, is still an area of ongoing research. The recurrent occurrence of homologous and homomorphic sex chromosomes in distantly related taxa suggests their independent evolution or continued recombination since their first emergence. Here, we focus on […]